23. How does the SCRA protect servicemembers from default judgments in a divorce case?
The SCRA also offers many protections for a servicemember from the entry of a judgment by default in a divorce case. A divorce judgment entered by default may not be lawfully entered against a servicemember in his or her absence unless the court follows the procedures as set out in the SCRA. As explained earlier, when the servicemember has not made an appearance, 50 U.S.C. App. 521 governs. The court must first determine whether an absent or defaulting part is in the military servicemember. Before the entry of a judgment of divorce or for an order for support, the moving party or the plaintiff must file an affidavit or a certification that sates “whether or not the defendant is in the military serve and showing necessary facts in support of the affidavit.†There are criminal penalties that are provided for filing a knowingly false affidavit or certification of non-military service.
50 U.S. Code App. 201, which applies to any divorce or a family law case provides servicemembers with relief against a default judgment for divorce. A plaintiff seeking a default judgment in a divorce case must first submit an affidavit or a certification stating whether the defendant is or is not in the military, or that the plaintiff does not know whether the defendant is in the military. The plaintiff must also attach a military search from the Defense Manpower Data Center DMDC. The military search is attached to the affidavit or certification of non-military service. The military search can be obtained from the DMDC website. A divorce judgment that is obtained without the affidavit and/or certification of non-military service is voidable if the servicemember later shows that his or her military service prejudiced the presentation of a defense.
24. How can an ex-spouse oppose a stay issued by the SCRA?
It is clear from the above that there are an abundance of protections that are provided to servicemembers from the SCRA. However, family law attorneys will be quick to recognize that these protections, especially the stay of the proceedings, can be an extreme hardship in many cases. Unpaid support and custody and visitation problems all confront military families. Therefore, in many cases it may be necessary for a military spouse to oppose a request for a stay of a divorce case.
Counsel for the military spouse can file a motion to vacate the stay based on the grounds that it is not made in good faith. Most courts hold that a servicemember must exercise due diligence and good faith in trying to arrange to appear at court. When a servicemember demonstrates bad faith in his or her dealing with the court, no stay will be granted.
The lawyer opposing the stay also should absolutely examine whether the servicemember’s presence is necessary. In many family law cases, the issues presented to the court are only by the pleadings and by paperwork, and not by live testimony. In the alternative, when the servicemember’s testimony is necessary, counsel for the civilian spouse can argue that this does not require personal presence. It might be possible to convince the court that technology makes testimony by video-teleconference by use of the Internet almost as good as live testimony. Sometimes the case can proceed on an interim basis with a temporary hearing. There is New Jersey caselaw that suggests that granting a temporary hearing(s) with regard to the determination a child support award, as a general rule does not significantly affect the servicembember’s rights. The reason for this holding is because child support orders are only interlocutory (temporary or interim) orders, and they can be subject to a modification in the future.
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